Recommended Diet Types
Rodents thrive on a balanced diet that includes a combination of quality commercial pellets, fresh vegetables, limited fruits, and hay (for guinea pigs and rabbits). Pellets provide a complete nutrient base. Hay (timothy or orchard grass) is essential for dental health and digestion in herbivorous species. Fresh vegetables like leafy greens add variety and vitamins. Treats should be minimal (e.g., small pieces of carrot, apple). Avoid sugary or fatty foods.
Portion Sizes and Daily Calorie Needs
| Age/Size | Daily Pellet Amount (example for a 30g hamster) | Daily Veggies |
|---|---|---|
| Young (up to 6 months) | 10-15g | 1 tbsp |
| Adult (6 months - 2 years) | 10-12g | 1-2 tbsp |
| Senior (2+ years) | 8-10g | 1 tbsp |
Calories vary by species and activity. A small hamster needs about 30-50 kcal/day, while a guinea pig may need 100-150 kcal/day. Adjust based on body condition.
Feeding Frequency and Schedule
Feed once a day in the evening (most rodents are crepuscular). Provide hay and water at all times. Pellets: one portion daily. Fresh vegetables: daily, removed after a few hours to prevent spoilage. Treats: no more than 2-3 times per week.
Essential Nutrients
Protein: 15-20% for growth and maintenance. Fats: 4-7% for energy. Fiber: crucial for digestion (20-25% for herbivores). Carbohydrates: from grains and veggies. Vitamin C: essential for guinea pigs (they cannot synthesize it). Calcium: balanced with phosphorus to prevent bladder stones.
Foods to Avoid
Never feed: chocolate, candy, seeds high in fat (sunflower in excess), avocado, citrus fruits, garlic, onion, iceberg lettuce, rhubarb, and raw beans. These can cause toxicity, GI upset, or nutritional imbalances.
Water Intake
Fresh water must be available 24/7. Use a sipper bottle to keep water clean. Change daily. A 30g hamster drinks about 10mL per day; a guinea pig may drink 100-200mL.
Supplements
For guinea pigs: Vitamin C supplement (drops or tablets) if diet lacks fresh veggies. For others: no routine supplements needed if fed a balanced pellet and varied veggies. Timothy hay cubes can provide extra fiber and dental wear.
Feeding Differences by Life Stage
Juveniles: Higher protein (18-20%) and calcium for growth. Pellets may be slightly larger. Adults: Maintenance diet with moderate protein (15-18%). Seniors: Lower protein (14-16%) to reduce kidney strain, softer foods if dental issues, and more fiber to prevent obesity.
Signs of Healthy vs. Poor Diet
Healthy: Bright eyes, shiny coat, normal fecal pellets (firm and consistent), good appetite, stable weight. Poor: Dull fur, lethargy, weight loss/gain, diarrhea or constipation, overgrown teeth, picky eating. Adjust diet if any signs appear and consult a vet.