启动无人机
―日本白领努力适应社会距离
―美国梦－－上帝与网格

启动无人机
Since wheeled(v.n.盘旋n.轮子) drones(n.无人机&雄蜂 v.嗡嗡叫) are in effect[实际上] self-driving(adj.自动驾驶的） cars, albeit(conj.虽然&尽管) passenger-less(adj.缺乏旅客的）ones, they need authorities(n.权威&权力)(adj.当局的) approval(n.许可&赞许) to operate. This has not always been forthcoming(v.出现&向前adj.即将来临的）. Now the "corona shock(v.n.震惊&震怒)" is softening up(v.缓和&使-柔和)regulators, says Ryu Kentaro[健太郎] of ZMP（零力矩点）, a maker of rolling(adj.翻滚的&摇摆的) drones(n.无人机&雄蜂 v.嗡嗡叫) in Tokyo. ZMP plans to begin a trial(n.v.adj.试验&考验) in Japan's capital this summer, faster than expected. In September another pilot(adj.v.实验 n.飞行员) project will see Twins(adj.成双 n.双胞胎) wheel's[双胞胎轮] "droids(n.机器人)" shuttle(v.穿梭&往返运送 n.航天飞机) mail for La Poste[法国邮政], France's postal(adj.邮政的&邮寄的) service in Montpelier（蒙彼利埃） (postal(adj.邮政的&邮寄的) workers will handle(v.处理&操纵 n.把手) the "last mile" to mailboxes(n.邮箱&邮筒)). Official(n.官方 adj.正式的&公务的) look kindly(adv.adj.亲切&和蔼) on covid-proof(adj.v.防护n.证据) contactless(adj.不接触的&遥控的) delivery(n.adj.递送&运送), says Qi Kong, in charge(n.指控&电量v.控告&充电) of drones(n.无人机&雄蜂 v.嗡嗡叫) at JD Logistics(n.后勤&物流)[京东物流], an arm(n.手臂&武器v.提供&武装)[分支部门] of jd. com, a Chinese e-commerce giant. Its vehicles' cargo bays(n.海湾&间隔)[货仓] open with a scan(n.v.浏览&扫描) of a recipient's(adj.n.接受&容纳)[收货人] face or smartphone screen(n.屏幕&屏风v.放映&遮蔽). On June 26th Amazon said it would buy Zoox, an autonomous-car[自动驾驶汽车] startup(n.adj.开始&启动)[初创企业], for $1.2bn. Drone (n.无人机&雄蜂 v.嗡嗡叫)airmail(n.航空邮件)[无人机航空邮件] remains(v.n.保留&遗留) fledgling(v.长羽毛)(adj.无经验的）. Matter net[事件网], an American firm, operates a limited network[有线网络] in Switzerland. Wing(n.翅膀&v.飞行), Google's sister company, serves(v.提供&供应) parts of America, Australia and Finland. Zipline[拉索网], which pioneered(v.倡导&开辟 n.先锋) medical deliveries(n.adj.递送&运送)[医疗递送业务] by winged(adj.有翅膀的&飞行的) drones(n.无人机&雄蜂 v.嗡嗡叫)（固定翼无人机） in Ghana and Rwanda, opened a small drone(n.无人机&雄蜂 v.嗡嗡叫) port in North Carolina[北卡罗来纳] in May. But by one reckoning(v.估算&认为), less than a third of last year's automated(adj.v.自动化) deliveries(n.adj.递送&运送) worldwide(adv.adj.世界各地&全世界) were by air. Amazon's Prime(adj.主要&原始&优质) Air[一流空运], scheduled(v.安排&预定 n.时间表) to launch(v.n.发起&发行) in late 2019, remains grounded(adj.接触地面的&理性的 v.以-为依据&使停飞). At least(adv.至少) more regulators are getting on board[入伙-登上交通工具]. After much wavering(v.n.动摇&踌躇), Ontario's（安大略省） have at last[最后&终于] allowed a local firm, Drone Delivery(n.adj.递送&运送) Canada, to supply a remote(adj.遥远的&渺茫的) indigenous(adj.本土的&固有的) group called Beausoleil, fearful(adj.害怕的&可怕的) of lorry drivers bringing in the coronavirus. Flights(n.航班&飞行) are to begin in July.
因为轮式无人机实际上很像自动驾驶汽车，不过乘客相对较少，所以需要官方批准才能操作。这并不是一直都能做到的。
日本旋转无人机制造商ZMP的Ryu Kentaro表示，现在由于“冠状病毒冲击”，监管机构放松了管制。ZMP计划今年夏天在日本首都试飞无人机，这比预期的要快。
九月，TwinswHeel将开展另一项试点项目，即利用无人机为法国Montpelier的邮政服务机构配送邮件（邮政工作人员的“最后一公里”信箱配送）京东物流是中国电子商务巨头京东的分支机构，其无人机主管Qi Kong表示，官方很看好防疫无接触配送，
其车辆货舱就会打开。6月26日，亚马逊宣布将收购Zoox，一家价值12亿美元的自动驾驶创业公司。
无人机空邮仍处于起步阶段。美国公司Matternet在瑞士运营一个有限网络。
谷歌的姐妹公司Wing同时为美国、澳大利亚以及芬兰的部分地区提供服务。Zipline公司开创了利用右翼无人机在加纳和卢旺达配送医疗物资的先河，该公司五月份在北卡罗来纳州开辟了小型无人机机场。
但据估计，去年全世界的自动配送业务中，空运占比不到三分之一。亚马逊的Prime Air计划于2019年底推出，目前仍处于停滞状态。
至少有更多的监管机构加入进来。安大略省在经历了多次犹豫不决之后，终于允许一家当地公司，Drone Delivery Canada，为名为Beausoleil的偏远土著群体提供物资，因为他们担心卡车司机带来冠状病毒，
空运预计将在七月份开始。


日本白领努力适应社会距离（1)
Business Office culture

The presenteeism(n.出勤主义） premium(adj.优质的 n.奖金&津贴)
Japan's white-collar warriors(n.勇士&战士) struggle(v.奋斗&搏斗)[努力] to adapt(v.适应&改造) to social distancing（社交距离）.

In 57 AD[公元] a Chinese emperor, Guangwu[汉光武帝], gave an envoy(n.使者&公使) from the kingdom of Wa（佤族王国）, as Japan was then known, a solid gold seal(n.印章 n.v.密封), with a handle(n.把手&v.处理) in the form of a coiled(v.盘绕 n.线圈) serpent(n.蛇&狡猾的人). Such seals(n.印章 n.v.密封), or han ko[汉代封印], are still commonly(adv.通常&普通) used in Japan in place of signatures(n.签名&签字) on official documents and contracts(n.合同 v.收缩&感染). During the covid-19 pandemic(n.adj.大流行病), with many workers forced to defy(v.违抗&挑战) social-distancing guidelines(n.指导方针&准则) and trudge(v.跋涉&步履艰难地走) to their offices to put ink to paper, the hanko[印章] captures(v.n.捕获&占领) corporate Japan's struggle(v.n.奋斗&搏斗)[难事] to modernize(v.使现代化） its anachronistic(adj.时代错误的） workplace(n.办公室&工厂) culture. Despite its reputation(n.名誉&名声) for[以什么闻名] hi-tech(adj.n.高科技) wizardry(n.巫术&魔法), Japan can be stubbornly(adv.固执&倔强) analogue(n.相似物&类似物). When the pandemic(n.adj.大流行病) hit(v.n.打击&撞击), only 40% of Japanese firms had used digitized(adj.v.数字化的) contracts(n.合同 v.收缩&感染)[数字化合同] at all and just 30% had systems in place[在-适当的地方] to enable(v.使-能够&激活)remote(adj.遥远的&渺茫的) working（远程办公）. Faxes(n.传真) remain ubiquitous(adj.普遍存在的&无所不在的); in many prefectures(n.辖区&省县）, doctors have been faxing(v.n.传真) corona virus test results to public- health officials. The pandemic(adj.n.大流行病) has also exposed(v.n.暴露&揭露) Japan Inc's（公司）unusually heavy reliance(n.依赖&信赖)on face-to-face communication. Meeting clients or business partners in person is de rigueur[合乎礼仪的]. The Japanese style of collective (adj.集体的&集合的)decision-making[集体决策] depends on people huddling(v.n.蜷缩&碰头) in a room together. Salary men and women[工薪男女] put in long days in the office to demonstrate(v.证明&示范) their dedication(n.奉献&献身) to their company and colleagues(n.同事&同僚)- and then late nights of sake-fuelled（以清酒作为刺激的） carousing(v.n.畅饮&一饮而尽) to build camaraderie(n.友情&同志之爱）.

商业 办公室文化
出勤率超额 日本的白领战士们努力适应社会距离.

公元57年，中国光武帝给来自倭奴国的使者，即当时的日本，一块纯金铸造的金印，金印上有一个蛇钮。在日本仍然常用这样的印章（hanko）在官方文件和合同上代替签名.公元57年，中国光武帝给来自倭奴国的使者，即当时的日本，一块纯金铸造的金印，金印上有一个蛇钮。在日本仍然常用这样的印章（hanko）在官方文件和合同上代替签名.

在新冠状病毒疫情防控期间，许多员工被迫违反社会距离的准则，赶到办公室，并把墨水涂在纸上进行签字，日本企业努力去对过时的办公室文化进行现代化建设，而印章抓住了这一斗争的时机.

尽管日本以其高科技上非凡的成就而闻名，它固执的程度可以与之类比。疫情袭击日本时，只有40%的日本公司使用数字化合同，只有30%的公司有系统支持远程办公.
传真仍然无处不在；在许多县，医生们已经将冠状病毒检测结果传真给公共卫生官员。这场疫情也暴露；了日本一场严重地依赖于面对面地沟通.
亲自会见客户或商业伙伴是不必要的。日本式的集体决策取决于人们挤在一个房间里.
工薪族在办公室里花了很长时间来展示他们对公司和同事的奉献精神，然后在深夜的清酒狂欢中建立起友谊.


In Japan gaiatsu[日语－外部压力], or external pressure, often provokes(v.激起&激励) deep changes. It took the arrival(n.到达&产生) of America's Black Ships in 1853 to end(v.n.结束&中止) more than 200 years of Japanese isolation(n.隔绝&绝缘). A collision(n.碰撞&冲突) between Japanese and Chinese vessels(n.舰船&血管&容器) near disputed(v.n.争论&争夺) islands in 2010 prompted(v促使&导致 adj.迅速的) a revamp(n.v.修改&翻新) of the armed(adj.武装的) forces. The pandemic(n.adj.大流行病), argues Miyake Kunihiko（邦彦）of the Canon Institute(n.研究所 v.制定) for Global Studies, a think-tank in Tokyo, is gaiatsu[外部压力] for corporate Japan. Some firms are responding(v.n.回应&反应). Covid-19 is a headwind(n.逆风&顶头风) for revenues(n.收益&收入), but a tailwind(n.顺风) "in terms(n.方面&时期&术语) of culture", says Hagiwara Shinichi[工藤新一], boss of Mitsui Foods（三井食品）, a big wholesaler(n.批发商). He has instructed(v.指示&教育) staff(n.adj.员工&职员) to hold(v.抓&抱&持)[举行] regular Zoom meetings（普遍增长会议）. Many firms are shifting(v.n.转移&转变) to digital contracts(n.合同 v.收缩&感染). Virtual(adj.虚拟的&实质的) drinking parties[虚拟饮酒派对], or Zoom-nomi, are all the rage(n.盛怒&v.肆虐)[盛行一时的事物]; as Honda Masakazu（佐藤）, a columnist(n.专栏作家), recently put it on Tokyo Keizai（东洋经济新报社）, a business-news site(n.现场&场所)（商务新闻场所）, "You don't have to worry about catching the last train." So far(adv.+adj.)[迄今为止] the changes have been halting(v.n.中断&踌躇) and uneven(adj.不平衡&不平坦). Large Japanese companies are shifting(v.n.转移&转换) to flexible(adj.灵活的&柔韧的) work regimes(n.政权&制度)[工作制度] more rapidly; they were more likely to have computer systems in place, as well as cash on hand to make up for[补偿] lost revenues(n.收入&收益) and pay for investment in hardware and software. Small and medium(n.媒介&方法 adj.中等&适中)-sized firms "don't have that luxury(n.adj.奢侈&奢华)[奢侈品]", admits(v.承认&接纳) Mr Hagiwara. And the evolution(n.进化&演化) may not endure(v.持续&忍耐). Once restrictions are relaxed(v.放松&松开), managers may demand to see their subordinates(n.下署 v.adj.使-从属于) back(adv.后退) at their desks. Perhaps, though, without their hanko（印章）. On April 27th the prime minister, Abe Shinzo（安倍晋三）, called for[要求&提倡] a rapid review(n.v.评论&回顾) of the practice. Even his minister of technology policy, who also heads(v.领导&主管) a parliamentary(adj.议会的&国会的) group for the protection of hanko culture[印章文化], conceded that(v.承认&授予) the seals(n.v.印章&密封) present(v.提供&展示) an obstacle(n.障碍&阻碍) to teleworking[电子办公].
在日本，外部压力常会引发深刻的变化。在1853年，美国黑船的到来结束了日本200多年的孤立.

2010年日本和中国的船在争议岛屿相撞，促使日本军队进行改组。东京智库佳能全球研究所的宫崎骏认为，这种流行病对日本企业来说是一种福音.

一些公司正在做出应对。大型批发商三井食品的老板夏原新一表示，冠状病毒是财政收入的逆风，但“在文化方面”却是顺风.

他指导员工定期举行Zoom会议。很多公司正在转换使用数字合同.

虚拟饮酒派对（Zoom nomi）风靡一时；正如专栏作家本田正祖最近在一家商业新闻网站Toyo Keizai上所说，“你不必担心赶上末班车。”到目前为止，这些改变停滞不前，不太平衡.
日本的大型公司正在快速地转换使用灵活的工作制度；他们更可能拥有计算机系统，以及可用来弥补失去的收入，并投资硬件和软件的库存现金.

Hagiwara先生承认，中小型企业“没那么奢侈”。而且发展可能无法持续.

一旦限制放宽，管理者们会要求下属返回办公桌前。不过，也许不用他们的印章.

4月27日，日本首相安倍晋三呼吁迅速检讨这一做法。甚至他的科技部长，同时也是保护印章制度和文化议会联盟的主席，也承认在文件上盖章会阻碍日本人远程办公.


美国梦－－上帝与网格
He lives where most Americans live-in suburbia(n.郊区&郊区居民). His house sits on a plot(n.v.密谋&n.情节)[小块土地] that is 50 feet(n.尺&韵脚) wide and 100 feet deep. In front is a pavement(n.人行道), four feet wide, then a strip(n.条带 v.除去&夺去) of green[绿化带] containing a tree, seven feet, then a road, 40 feet. His neighbours' houses look much the same. At six per acre(n.英亩&大片), homes are close enough for arguments(n.争论&辩论&论据) to be overheard(v.无意中听到&偷听), but only if you pay attention. They are close enough for comfort(n.v.舒适&安慰). The suburb(n.城郊&市郊) is Lakewood（莱克伍德）, south of Los Angeles. It was built during and after the second world war and was at first occupied mostly by white manual(adj.手工&手动n.说明书) workers[手工工作者]. Although the developers were Jewish, Jews were initially(adv.开始&最初) barred(v.阻止&阻挡 n.障碍&围栏) from living there, as were blacks. Among the early settlers(n.移居者&殖民者) were the parents of D. J. Waldie. He became a city official, and in 1996 published "Holy(adj.n.神圣&圣洁) Land[圣地]", a short, delightful(adj.令人愉快的&宜人的) book about the place. It is a reminder(n.提醒物&回忆物) that many people are happy to lead constrained(adj.限制&强迫) lives, even if they are free to move. Earlier defenses(n.v.防御&防守) of America's suburbs, such as Herbert Gans's "The Levittowners（列维坦）", argued(v.认为&争论) that they were more diverse(adj.不同的&各式各样的) and sociable(adj.好交际的&合群的) than their critics(n.批评家&评论员) alleged(v.宣称&指控). Mr Waldie does not quite agree. His childhood, with its packed(adj.v.塞满&包装) swimming pools and freewheeling(v.adj.随心你所&惯性滑行) Monopoly(n.垄断&独占) games, was sociable(adj.好交际的&友善的). Adulthood(n.成年期&成年) is less so. Few people walk the streets; each house is an island, visited occasionally(adv.偶然&偶尔) by friends and family, who come and go in cars. "The critics(n.评论者&批评者) of suburbs say that you and I live narrow(adj.狭窄&狭隘) lives," he writes. "I agree.
他住在郊区，大多数美国人也住在那。他的房子坐落在一块50英尺宽100英尺深的土地上。
前面是一条四英尺宽的人行道，然后是一条绿带，里面有一棵七英尺的树，然后是一条40英尺的路。他邻居的房子看起来大同小异。
每亩地有6户人家，他们离得很近，近到能听见争吵声，但前提是你要注意。他们离得很近，很舒服。
郊区是洛杉矶南部的莱克伍德。它建于第二次世界大战期间和战后，最初主要由白人体力劳动者占据。
虽然开发商是犹太人，但犹太人和黑人最初被禁止在那里居住。在早期的定居者中有沃尔迪的父母。
出版了一本关于这个地方的简短而有趣的书《圣地》。这提醒我们，许多人乐于过着受约束的生活，即使他们可以自由行动。
如赫伯特·甘斯的《列维敦人》中包含早期对美国郊区的辩护，书中认为他们比批评者所说的更加多样化和社交化沃尔迪先生不太同意。
他的童年在拥挤的游泳池和随心所欲的垄断游戏中度过，是社交的。成年后却很少这样了。很少有人走在街上；每家每户都是一个岛，偶尔有朋友和家人来拜访，他们开车来来去去。
他写道：“郊区的批评者说，你和我过着狭隘的生活。”。我同意。


The form of the suburb encourages conformity(n.遵守&符合) and repetition(n.重复&重做). Most streets adhere(v.遵守&拥护&黏附)to a grid(n.网格&栅栏), running north-south and east-west（横贯南北东西）, which is linked to a grid(n.网格&栅栏) that extends(v.延申&延长&延续) across southern California and indeed(adv.的确&实际上) much of（大部分）America. Navigation(n.导航&航行) is straightforward(adj.adv.直接&坦率). The ambulance(n.救护者&急救车) that carries Mr Waldie and his dead father to the hospital turns left out of his road, then left onto a boulevard(n.林荫大道 adj.娱乐性的), then right. Those who live there do not find this stifling(v.adj.抑制&使-窒息). "The grid(n.网格&栅栏) limited our choices, exactly as urban planners said it would. But the limits weren't paralyzing(v.使-麻痹&瘫痪)." Yet, as in many locked-down(adj.锁住的）- homes, the impression(n.印象&影响) of quiet and order[宁静与秩序] is surface deep(adj.深深的&厚的). The community(n.社区&群体) relies on deep aquifers(n.地下水层), but the rocks could also transmit(v.传输&传递&传播)terrible seismic(adj.地震的&重大的) shocks(n.v.震惊&愤慨)[地震冲击] to the surface. During the second world war the nearby(adj.adv.附近) aircraft factory was disguised(v.n.伪装&掩饰) to look like a suburb: had the enemy bombers(n.轰炸机) come, Lakewood[莱克伍德] could have been accidentally(adv.意外&偶然) wiped(v.抹去n.抹布) out[抹去]. The buyer of one house discovers that the previous(adj.以前的&先前的) owner had excavated(v.发掘&挖掘) a large air-raid(n.v.突袭&打劫)[空袭] shelter(n.v.庇护&遮蔽) underneath(prep.在-底下&在-下面) his garage(n.车库&加油站). Above all[最重要的是&尤其是], residents(n.居民 adj.居住的) feel the presence(n.存在&气质) of God. The developers boasted(v.n.吹嘘&夸耀) of Lakewood's many churches, and funded(v.资助&n.资金) a synagogue(n.犹太人集会） after the ban on Jews was lifted(v.n.提升&解除). Mr Waldie's father, who had briefly(adv.简短地&短暂地) joined a religious order, knows the Catholic liturgy(n.礼拜仪式） so well that he teaches newly ordained(v.命令&注定) priests(n.牧师&神职). As a boy, Mr Waldie carried the crucifix(n.十字架) in his church on Good Friday（耶稣受难日）, wiping(v.抹去 n.抹布) lipstick(n.口红&唇膏) off Jesus's feet[耶稣之脚]. In the book of Revelation(n.启示&揭露), the city of God is perfectly(adv.完美&完全) square(adj.n.v.正方&平方).
城郊的形式鼓励着遵从和重复。大多数街道都遵循一个纵贯南北和东西的网格，这个网格连接着一个横跨南加州和美国大部分地区的网格.
导航十分的直截了当。那辆送沃尔迪先生和他死去的父亲去医院的救护车在路上左转，然后左转进入一条林荫大道，然后右转.
住在那里的人并不觉得这令人窒息。正如城市规划者所说的那样，网格限制了我们的选择。但只是限制并没有瘫痪。
然而，和许多上锁的房子一样，人们对安静和秩序的印象是表面的。该社区依赖于深层含水层，但岩石也可能向地表传递可怕的地震波.
第二次世界大战期间，附近的飞机制造厂伪装成一个郊区：如果敌人的轰炸机来了，莱克伍德可能会被意外地消灭。一栋房子的买家发现先前的主人在车库下面挖了一个大防空洞.
最重要的是，居民感受到上帝的存在。开发商夸耀莱克伍德有许多教堂，并在犹太人禁令解除后资助了一个犹太教堂.
沃尔迪的父亲曾短暂地加入了一个宗教组织，他对天主教的礼拜仪式非常了解，所以他教新任命的牧师。作为一个男孩，沃尔迪先生在耶稣受难日的时候在教堂里带着十字架，为耶稣擦干脚.
在启示录中，上帝之城是完美的广场