Introduction
Shedding season is a critical time for horses as they transition from winter to summer coats. Proper nutrition and feeding adjustments are essential to support healthy coat growth, maintain body condition, and prevent deficiencies. This guide covers recommended feed types, portion sizes, essential nutrients, and supplements to help your horse through this period.
Recommended Feed Types
- Forage: High-quality hay or pasture should form the basis of the diet. Grass hay or alfalfa provides fiber and essential nutrients.
- Concentrates: Grains like oats, barley, or commercial horse feeds can be added for extra energy and nutrients, especially for horses with higher activity levels.
- Supplements: Targeted supplements such as biotin, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc support coat and skin health.
Portion Sizes and Daily Calorie Needs
Portion sizes depend on the horse's age, body weight, activity level, and metabolism. The table below provides general guidelines for a 1,000-pound (450 kg) horse at maintenance.
| Body Weight (lbs) | Forage (lbs/day) | Concentrate (lbs/day) | Daily Calories |
|---|---|---|---|
| 900 | 18-22 | 2-4 | 18,000 |
| 1,000 | 20-25 | 3-5 | 20,000 |
| 1,200 | 24-30 | 4-6 | 24,000 |
Adjust amounts based on body condition score (BCS). During shedding season, increase calorie intake slightly if the horse is losing weight or if coat quality declines.
Feeding Frequency and Schedule
Horses are grazing animals; feed at least three times per day to mimic natural foraging. Provide forage free-choice or in multiple small meals. Concentrates should be divided into two or three feedings. Stick to a consistent schedule to reduce stress.
Essential Nutrients for Shedding Season
- Protein: Quality protein (10-14% of diet) is vital for hair growth. Include good sources like alfalfa, soybean meal, or linseed.
- Fats: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids from flaxseed, fish oil, or vegetable oils promote a shiny coat and reduce inflammation.
- Vitamins: Vitamin A (beta-carotene from green forage), vitamin E, and B vitamins (from probiotics or fortified feeds).
- Minerals: Zinc, copper, and selenium are crucial for coat and hoof health. Provide a balanced mineral supplement or salt block.
Toxic or Harmful Foods
- No sugars or grains high in starch (can cause laminitis in predisposed horses).
- No avocado, chocolate, caffeine, or moldy feed.
- Limit high-fructan grasses (e.g., rich spring pasture) to avoid digestive upset.
Water Intake Recommendations
Horses need 5-10 gallons (20-40 liters) of clean, fresh water per day, more during hot weather or exercise. Check water buckets frequently to ensure intake.
Beneficial Supplements
- Biotin: Supports hoof and coat growth; 15-20 mg per day.
- Omega-3 oils: 1/4 cup (60 ml) of flaxseed or fish oil daily.
- Zinc: Helps with skin health and hair regrowth; 100-200 mg per day (from chelated sources).
- Probiotics: Improve digestion and nutrient absorption during diet changes.
Feeding Differences by Life Stage
Foals and Weanlings
Foals require higher protein (14-16%) and balanced minerals for growth. Feed creep feed and ensure proper weaning transition.
Adult Horses
Maintain body condition with adequate forage and concentrates. During shedding season, increase fat and protein temporarily.
Senior Horses
Senior horses may need easier-to-chew forage (hay pellets, soaked hay) and additional supplements. Ensure proper dentition and adjust feeding frequency.
Signs of Healthy vs. Unhealthy Diet
- Healthy: Shiny, dense coat; good body condition (BCS 5-6); normal manure; alert behavior.
- Unhealthy: Dry or dull coat; weight loss or obesity; loose stools or colic; poor appetite; skin issues.
If you notice poor coat quality or weight changes, consult with a veterinarian or equine nutritionist to adjust the diet accordingly.