History and Origin
The Red Tail Black Shark (Epalzeorhynchos bicolor) is native to Thailand, specifically the Chao Phraya River basin. Due to habitat loss and overfishing, it is now considered critically endangered in the wild. However, it is widely bred in captivity for the aquarium trade. The species was first described in 1931 by the French ichthyologist Jacques Pellegrin.
Physical Appearance
The Red Tail Black Shark is a striking fish with a velvety black body and a vibrant red or orange tail fin. Adults reach a size of 6 inches (15 cm) and can live for 5-8 years with proper care. The body is torpedo-shaped and laterally compressed, with a slightly upturned mouth. The dorsal fin is black and well-developed, while the anal and pelvic fins are black as well.
Temperament and Behavior
This species is known for its semi-aggressive and territorial nature, especially towards its own kind or similar-looking fish. It is a bottom-dweller and active swimmer, often found patrolling the lower levels of the tank. They are shy at first but become bold over time. They are known to chase other fish, particularly those with long fins or similar shape.
Suitable Tankmates
Because of their territorial behavior, it is best to keep Red Tail Black Sharks with robust, mid- to top-dwelling fish such as barbs, danios, rainbowfish, and cichlids. Avoid small, timid fish or those with long flowing fins like angelfish or bettas.
Aquarium Setup and Care
Provide a tank of at least 55 gallons (208 liters) with plenty of hiding spots using rocks, driftwood, and caves. They prefer a soft, sandy substrate. Filtration should be strong as they are active and messy eaters. Water conditions: pH 6.5-7.5, temperature 72-79°F (22-26°C). Regular water changes of 25% weekly are recommended.
Diet and Feeding
They are omnivores and require a varied diet including high-quality sinking pellets, algae wafers, and occasional frozen or live foods like brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia. Feed once or twice a day in small amounts.
Common Health Issues
Red Tail Black Sharks are prone to common freshwater diseases like Ich, fin rot, and velvet. Stress from poor water quality or unsuitable tankmates can lead to illness. Monitor for symptoms like clamped fins, rapid breathing, or loss of appetite. Average lifespan is 5-8 years.
Cost Estimate
Initial setup for a 55-gallon tank can cost around $300-$500, including equipment and decor. Monthly expenses for food, water treatments, and electricity are about $30-$50.